Why is Tungsten Alloy Counterweights Used in Sailboat¡©

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    In some situation, we need some special things to add weight in sailboat. But the space for the special things usually very small. For example, the sailboats, if the sailboats weight is not enough, it can turn turtle easily, especially when moving in a wind weather. So, we need add some tungsten alloy counterweights into the sailboats to against the yawing when sailing forward.

    With significant reductions in size possible, this in turn, leads to greater control of weight distribution in sailboat. Due to the special properties of tungsten alloy counterweights, they are usually used in sailboats weight. In this article, you will get a good understanding of the special properties of tungsten alloy counterweights in sailboat.

    1.0 High density- up to 18.5 g/cm3.

    It is very strong and robust material with a very high density (18.5 g/cm³), 65% denser than Lead, 130% denser than Steel. The upper part of the sailboat will be greatly counterbalanced by installing specialized tungsten alloy counterweights in the main rod. It stands right and firmly without being bended or broken even facing the strong wind between 9-10 scale according to a relevant research published by Oxford University.

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    2.0 Corrosion resistant

    The seawater contains a high amount of salt and other chemicals which easily corrode metals like iron, copper etc. Sailboat deals a lot with seawater which exposes itself in a very corrosive environment. The materials for making sailboat should be anti-corrosive. Tungsten alloy counterweights is an ideal material for this kind of purpose. Tungsten possesses a special property of anti-corrosive, which makes it stands with salt environment for a longer time compared with other metals.

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    3.0 Easily mechanically joined, brazed or shrunk fit to other materials

    With the development of the cutting machines and refinement technology, there are a wide range of specifications of tungsten alloy counterweights, which can Cemented Carbide Inserts be customized by specific requirements in size, density, pureness. Different kinds of tungsten alloy counterweights can be made to be combined with other materials in making different parts of sailboat. For example, the bottom plate of the sailboat(showed in the below picture) is made by a plate combining 80% tungsten with 20% copper in a rectangle shape.

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    Since the use of tungsten alloy counterweights in sailboat, Lead has gradually been abandoned for its toxicity and lower density Carbide Turning Inserts than tungsten. Tungsten gains a unprecedented popularity in sailboat industry.

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    How to Make Tungsten Filament

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      Firstly, place the Cemented Carbide Inserts powder into the iron or steel-made tube and then to shape through isostatic pressing which ensures force uniformity of the bar. After pressing, the powder shapes in a small size and can be easily removed. And then sinter the bar in sintering furnaces at at least 1,000¡î. The time should be adjusted according to the size of the bar. The next step is to swage in the rotary swaging machine which will enhance the property.  Upon completing the shaping, the next begins drawing. Generally, a tungsten bar weighed 1.5 kilograms can be made into about 40-metered tungsten filament with the diameter of 1.588mm. This is all about the production of tungsten filament.   Tungsten Manufacturer & Supplier: https://www.estoolcarbide.com


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      Failure Modes of Tungsten Carbide Cutters ­¼

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        In part 7 we know that adhesion wear happens when tungsten carbide cutter surface rubs with another high-pointed contact surface under certain excessive friction and pressure, and with temperature increased the carbide surface is plastically deformed, penetrated by high points and result in material loss. In this part we will talk about which tungsten carbide grade shall we choose when we meet with a concrete failure mode.

        The useful life of a tungsten carbide cutter is determined by many factors. These include the composition and properties of the carbide, the geometry of the carbide component, the design of the assembly, and the chemical, physical, and mechanical environments in which the carbide operates. Changes in any Carbide Threading Inserts of these factors can produce an associated increase or decrease in service life. The chart below considers only one of these elements – the tungsten carbide grade. Here is a table for clearer explanation.

                    If the problem is…

                       Switch to a grade….

        …abrasive wear or erosion,

        …of lower cobalt or nickel content and/or one with finer WC grains (i.e. a harder, more wear resistant grade). This will result in some reduction in strength Tungsten Steel Inserts and toughness, however.

        …corrosion or leaching,

        …with nickel rather than cobalt as the metallic binder and/or one that contains other corrosion-inhibiting additives such as chromium or molybdenum.

        …cracking or fracturing in metalworking applications where high compressive stresses or impact are present,

        …of higher cobalt or nickel content and/or one with coarser WC grains (i.e. a grade of greater toughness). This will result in reduced abrasive wear resistance, however.

         (To be continued. This article is divided into 9 parts and this is part 8, for part 7 please refer to https://www.estoolcarbide.com; for part 9 please refer to https://www.estoolcarbide.com)

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        Lanthanum-Doped Tungsten Micro Advantages and Positive Effects

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          Lanthanum -doped tungsten micro advantages and positive effects are : LPGT Milling Inserts

          1 Lanthanum -doped tungsten is added to a small amount of tungsten -doped lanthanum , changed the composition of doped tungsten , lanthanum doped tungsten micro cold resistance , heat resistance and other physical characteristics were compared with the conventional tungsten -doped greatly improved, the tests showed that micro- doped lanthanum tungsten cold, heat resistance than conventional doped tungsten Carbide milling inserts are increased by 5 to 7%.

          2 , The use of pressure guns lanthanum acid ammonia solution in spray form to be placed in the pot dopant doped tungsten blue spray , can effectively control the addition amount of lanthanum , tungsten is reached improve performance purposes , but also effectively reduce production costs, improve economic efficiency of enterprises .

          3 , Increases in the later process of flame oxidation in air annealing step , the processing can effectively eliminate the hardened alloy , the alloy during processing to eliminate the internal accumulation of stress , tensile strength, lower tungsten , the tungsten wire the manufacturing more convenient.

          4 , The production of micro- doped lanthanum by the addition of a small amount of tungsten lanthanum , thus changing the composition of the doped tungsten and internal grain size while eliminating the micro by oxidation annealing stress within tungsten doped lanthanum , therefore produced tungsten has a good seismic performance. Tests showed that using this method of production of micro- lanthanum -doped tungsten produced each 10 14V0. 1A0. 7CP bulbs, tungsten specifications for the 1. 0mg/200mm and 1. Ang/200mm, doped with tungsten in the same general seismic tests carried out under the conditions of contrast , the result is a specification of 1.2mg / / 200mm light bulbs, ordinary doped tungsten average number is 673 times the impact resistance , resistance to micro- doped lanthanum tungsten average impact of the number of 1233 ; specifications for a . 0mg/200mm bulbs , ordinary doped tungsten average number of 680 times the impact resistance , while the micro- doped lanthanum tungsten average number of impact-resistant 1209 times.

          5, With a simple process, easy to implement and the advantages of low production costs , while the production of micro- lanthanum -doped tungsten has a long life , optical performance, strong seismic performance and a light bulb filament sag after use small amount of features.


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          What is Tungsten Carbide Rotary File

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            Tungsten carbide rotary file, is also known as high-speed assorted cutters, carbide die cutters, etc., and high-speed electric grinder or supporting the use of pneumatic tools.

            Tungsten carbide rotary file can finish all kinds of metal mold cavity; clean-casting, fly forging, welding parts, burrs and weld; various mechanical chamfer parts, rounding, grooves and key-ways processing; channel impeller parts wiper; clean pipes; inner bore surface finishing machinery parts; variety of metals and non-metallic craft carving. In comparison Carbide Inserts to foreign industrial countries, it has been widely used, aims to improve productivity and achieve an important means of mechanization fitter.

            In recent years, such a tool has been gradually popularized in China, with an increasing number of users, will become fitter and mechanic's tool.

             

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            Tungsten Powder Application

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              It is widely misunderstood to think that by simply mixing commercially available Carbide Grooving Inserts Tungsten Carbide Inserts with a polymer (epoxy or polyurethane), by which people could get a high-density substitute to lead in weight-required applications.

              Since the specific shape of the powder and the wetting ability of the polymer, the highest density you are likely to get will be only 4.5 g/cc. The outcome is even lower than steel or copper at 7.8 and 8.9 g/cc respectively.

              But, if you use tungsten-alloy beads simply positioned, you will be able to obtain volumetric apparent densities of up to 10 g/cc. These densities consider the overall volume of the cavity and its total weight, which is positioned within.

              By using tungsten-alloy beads and balls of various sizes, simply positioned, you will be able to receive volumetric apparent densities of up to 12 g/cc.

              By using tungsten heavy-metal small cubes or spheres geometrically Carbide Inserts positioned, you will be able to obtain volumetric apparent densities of up to 17 g/cc.

               

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              Tungsten Alloy Shielding for Beam Collimators

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                Beam collimators, which are usually made of tungsten alloy shielding, including linear accelerators and tungsten multi-leaf collimators and so on. Beam collimators are 'beam direction' devices used in the X-ray tube housing, along with an arrangement Cemented Carbide Inserts of mirrors and lights, in such a way that the light and X-ray fields match each other. They are made of lead shutters which completely absorb the photons, and thus reduce patient dose as well as focus the radiation accordingly to the area of interest. They allow different projections of X-ray fields.
                 
                In linear accelerators (linac), the primary collimator may be constructed of depleted uranium (DU) as this material is approximately 1.6 times more dense than lead. The secondary motorised collimators which greater define the beam shape are constructed of tungsten. Multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) which are now in widespread use in medical linacs consist of two collimator banks of thin tungsten 'leaves' with each bank consisting of 40 to 80 leaves (so a total of 80 to 160 leaves). This allows each tungsten leaf to Cast Iron Inserts move independently under computer control. MLCs allow even more diverse field shapes to be created which can shield organs at risk whilst allowing the complex shape of the tumour bed to be irradiated to allow maximum cell kill.

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                Tungsten Carbide Milling Cutter¡Çs Climb Milling and Up Milling Comparison

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                  Tungsten carbide milling cutter climb milling has smaller power consumption than up milling. Under the same cutting conditions, climb milling is 5%¡Á15% lower than up milling in power consumption, and also, it can conduct chip removal more easily. In order to improve surface finish of work pieces and ensure size precision, climb milling should be adopted preferentially. However, when there is obvious hardened layer, deposition and uneven work piece surface, up milling should be taken. During climb milling, the cutting thickness is getting thinner tungsten carbide inserts and the cutter teeth cut from the unprocessed surface, which is good for the use of tungsten carbide milling cutters. While during up milling, when the cutter teeth touch the work piece, they can not cut into the metal layer immediately, instead, the cutter has to glide a short distance on work piece surface, during which, due to the friction, a great amount of heat will be generated and then form a hardened layer on the surface. ALL these will have bad effects on the cutting, such as reducing the cutter’s service life and lowering the work piece surface finish. In addition, cutter teeth move upwards in up milling and begin with the surface hardened layer, so the teeth will suffer from great impact load, which will make the cutter go blunt quickly. Because the cutting thickness difference between tungsten carbide Carbide Milling Inserts milling cutter’s climb milling and up milling, cutters with different milling ways have different wear degrees. Cutters are two to three times more durable in climb milling than in up milling. However, climb milling is not suitable for the milling of work pieces with hard cover. TCGT Aluminum Inserts  

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                  Type and Application of Cemented Carbide

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                    There are three types of Cemented Carbide Inserts cemented carbide with wide application. It is a kind of alloy material made by hard compound of refractory metal and bonding metal through powder metallurgy technology. It has excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Especially, its high hardness and wear resistance remain basically unchanged even at 500¡îand still have a very high hardness at 1000¡î.

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                    There are three kinds of alloys including tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten Carbide Aluminum Inserts titanium cobalt (YT) and tungsten titanium tantalum niobium (YW), which are similar to K, P and M alloys of ISO standard respectively.

                    1.0 Tungsten cobalt (YG) alloy

                    It is mainly composed of tungsten carbide and cobalt, which has good transverse fracture strength and impact toughness, and is not easy to crack. It is suitable for cutting brittle materials such as cast iron with broken chips, which is mainly used for cutting tools, and some are used for mining tools and moulds. ֕

                    2.0 Tungsten titanium cobalt (YT)

                    It is mainly made up of WC, tic and Co. The addition of titanium carbide in YT increases the hardness, heat resistance, adhesion resistance and oxidation resistance of the alloy, but reduces the transverse fracture strength and impact toughness of the alloy. Therefore, YT is mainly used for cutting plastic materials such as ordinary carbon steel and alloy steel. ֓

                    3.0 Tungsten titanium tantalum niobium type (YW)

                    It is to add tantalum carbide or niobium carbide into common alloy, which improves the toughness and heat resistance of the alloy and make it have good comprehensive cutting ability. YW alloy is mainly used for machining of stainless steel, heat-resistant steel and high manganese steel, as well as ordinary carbon steel and cast iron.

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                    Cemented carbide is mainly used in metal processing tools, cutting tool, geological drilling, shield construction bits and tools. It is used to manufacture cutting tools, cobalt tools and wear-resistant parts, which has wide application in military, aerospace, machining, metallurgy, oil drilling, mining tools, electronic communication, construction and other fields.


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                    Bismuth Tungstate Hollow Spheres Preparation

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                      Hollow sphere is a kind of material with special structure from nanometer to micrometer in size. Because of its low density, large specific surface area, good stability and surface permeability, these materials have important applications in chemistry, biology and materials science.

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                      Hollow spherical shells and porous materials accumulated from hollow spherical shells have great potential applications in catalysis, packaging of sustained-release drugs, simulation of artificial cells, coating and protection of biological active molecules such as proteins, enzymes, DNA, and as coatings or pigments, etc. They have become attractive materials in the field of materials research. One of the directions of attention. Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) is an n-type semiconductor material. It has been widely used in many fields such as electrical insulation, ionic conductivity, luminescence and photocatalysis. In order to improve the catalytic performance of Bismuth tungstate, some scholars have successfully prepared Bi2WO6 hollow spheres by simple and feasible methods. The process includes the following steps:

                      Saturated sodium tungstate aqueous solution and saturated bismuth nitrate aqueous solution are disposed respectively. Under the condition of continuous stirring, 15 mL saturated sodium tungstate solution was added to 120 mL absolute ethanol to form suspension. Under the condition of continuous stirring, 15 mL saturated bismuth nitrate aqueous solution was added to 120 mL absolute ethanol to form a suspension. Then they are mixed, stirred slowly for 30 minutes, then heated to 100 ¡î in a sealed reactor for 12 hours. The Deep Hole Drilling Inserts solid phase substances produced by the reaction were collected, and the white powder products were obtained after separation and washing. The product was identified as bismuth tungstate by X-ray diffraction analysis and hollow sphere structure by transmission electron microscopy. The particle size was about 50 nm and the wall thickness was about 10 nm.

                      The preparation method of bismuth tungstate hollow spheres does not need to add other substances besides reactants as templates, nor need to produce water-insoluble intermediate products as templates through chemical reactions. Instead, the water-soluble bismuth salts (bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride, etc.) are directly prepared from water-soluble reactants in polar organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, etc.). The solid particles precipitated in the template are used as the template, tungsten carbide inserts which is converted into the target product bismuth tungstate hollow sphere in the subsequent interfacial reaction. The method has wide applicability, mild conditions, simple process and is easy to industrialize.


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